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This survey assesses maternal knowledge of child health. This survey asks questions related to the urgency of taking a child if s/he is unable to drink or breastfeed and how do you intend to feed your baby for the first 6 month.
Research among adolescents has shown that health-compromising behaviors such as HIV risk, substance use, and violence tend co-occur. Neighborhood environment may predispose adolescents to HIV risk as well as other externalizing behaviors. The following scale has been used with early adolescents and has a high internal consistency (KR20=.85: Crum et al., 1996).
This survey assesses medication adherence. This survey assesses HIV medicines you are taking. Medicines that fight HIV are drugs like AZT, 3TC, and protease inhibitors. These drugs are often taken together and are known as combination therapy or triple drug cocktails. These drugs are called antiretroviral.
This survey assesses knowledge of mothers background. This survey asks questions related to mothers race/ethnicity, primary language, and birthplace.
The National Survey of Black Americans (NSBA) series was developed by the Program for Research on Black Americans at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. The series was developed to address the limitations in the existing research literature on the study of Black Americans. It seeks to provide an appropriate theoretical and empirical approach to concepts, measures, and methods in the study of Black Americans.
A measure of Positive Attitudes toward Living at Home, designed by Glezer (1984), dealt with positive or negative evaluations of one’s family of origin. It was based on six statements. Glezer, H. (1984). “Antecedents and correlates of marriage and family attitudes in young Australian men and women.” Proceedings of the XXth International CFR Seminar on Social Change and Family Policies, Key Papers, Part 1. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies., 81-147.
The Conflict Tactics Scale measure consists of 80 items developed by Straus (1979) to explore intrafamily conflict and violence, focusing particularly on the adults in the family. Of these 80 items, 20 are administered to the parent about his/her relationship with the child. The next 20 questions are directed to the parent about the partner and his/her interactions with the child. The last 40 questions of the measure address the interactions between the parent and the parent’s partner using the same questions.
This survey assesses loss and grief. This survey asks questions related to whose death has been the most difficult to deal with and how much someone who has died has been missed.
This survey assesses maternal knowledge of vertical transmission. This survey asks questions related to taking medication to prevent the transmission of HIV to your baby during pregnancy and things to do to increase the chances that your newborn baby can be HIV negative and healthy.
This survey assesses feeding strategies to prevent HIV transmission to babies. This survey asks questions related to plans on feeding your baby and access to basic needs to ensure formula feed (or mix feed).
This survey assesses different adult responsibilities and the relationship with parents among children. This survey asks questions related to parent(s) discussing their financial issues, parent(s) sharing personal problems, and parent(s) assigning babysitting duties.
This survey assesses needle use and sharing needles. This survey asks questions related to using/sharing needles for tattoos, using/sharing needles to inject drug, and using/sharing razors to purposefully cut oneself.
This survey assesses antiretroviral therapies as a treatment method for HIV/AIDS. This survey asks questions related to knowing about Post-Exposure Prevention (PEP) and explores what unprotected sex means.
This survey assesses romantic or love relationships. A romantic relationship is a relationship with someone you care about, love, or want to see if you could love, and could have sex with.
This survey assesses reproductive health among women and men. This survey asks questions related to being or have gotten someone pregnant, to having children that are HIV positive, and to having an abortion.
This survey assesses current relationship with friends, family members, coworkers, community members, and others. This survey asks questions related to can individuals depend on others for help and can individuals seek guidance in times of stress.
This survey assesses sexual abuse to those who are 18 years of age and older. This survey asks questions related to unwanted, uninvited, or forced sexual contact of any kind.
This survey assesses sexually transmitted disease status, exploring the different types of STDs and the frequency of incidences. The survey also measures diagnoses and testing for STDs.
This survey assesses various levels of social support. This survey asks questions related to having close friends and close relatives, participating in social activities, and visiting friends.
This survey assesses treatment history for mental health, substance use, and other conditions that impact health. The survey captures information related to seeking counseling, beginning treatment programs, and being prescribed medication.
This survey assesses violence in relationships. This survey asks questions related to talking to a friend/relatives about problems in the relationship and physical altercations that could’ve taken place among partners.
This survey measures drinking habits and perspectives on drinking from a interpersonal perspectives. This survey asks questions related to the amount of drinks individuals had and concerns from others about drinking habits.
This scale measures depression with a 15-item depressive symptomatology screening test that was developed and used previously in Thailand (Thai Department of Mental Health, 2004). These questions were asked about problems that had bothered participants in the past week (e.g., feeling depressed most of the time; feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness; loss of self-confidence).
This scale measures for people living with HIV using the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) instrument (Ichikawa, 2004; Wu, 1997). Three subscales from the MOS-HIV (general health, mental health, and physical health) were used in this study. Revicki, D.A., Sorensen, S., Wu, A.W. (1998). Reliability and validity of physical health and mental health summary scores from the MOS HIV Health Survey. Med Care, 36, 126–137.
This scale measures HIV-related stigma, adapted from scales that were developed, based on the work of Herek and Capitanio (1993), and validated by the Thai investigators in the Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand (Apinundecha, et al., 2007). After conducting exploratory factor analysis, we identified two factors that were conceptually identified as Perceived Stigma and Internalized Shame.
This scale measures emotional social support constructed as a composite variable based on the two subscales (emotional/informational support & affectionate support) in the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991). The social support scale included both emotional/informational support, measured by eight items, and affectionate support including three items.
This scale measures family functioning using the Thai Family Functioning Scale (TFFS), adapted from the McMaster Model of Family Functioning. The TFFS has five subscales reflecting interactions over the last three months. It is scored on a 0 (never) to 3 scale (always) in dealing with conflict, family expressiveness, positive family attributes, negative family attributes, and family organization.
This scale captured quality of life, measured using the Thai version of the short form (26 items) of the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire (Thai Department of Mental Health, 1998, WHO, 2004). Thai Department of Mental Health. (1998). WHOQOL – BREF –THAI, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Available at: http://www.dmh.go.th/test/whoqol/. Accessed May 12, 2008.
Although considerable medical attention has been recently focused on AIDS, relatively little is known about the amount and nature of anxiety that this disease may be fostering in segments of society. To better understand the public’s reaction to AIDS, a multidimensional self-report measure of anxiety experienced about AIDS was developed, the Multidimensional AIDS Anxiety Questionnaire (MAAQ; Snell & Finney, 1996; Finney & Snell, 1989).
This 20 item, 5-point Likert-type scale is composed of two subscales which measure degree of openness and extent of problems in family communication. This scale is often used in conjunction with the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES) according to the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems (Olson, Sprenkle, & Russell, 1979).
The PedsQL Measurement Model is a modular approach to measuring health-related quality of life in both healthy children and adolescents and in those with acute and chronic health conditions. The survey integrates generic core scales and disease-specific modules. The PedsQL Measurement Model is a modular approach to measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in healthy children and adolescents and those with acute and chronic health conditions.
The following scale can be used to assess the quality of communication between an adolescent and his/her parent/s concerning issues of sex (Jaccard et al., 2000). The scale was validated on a sample of 751 African American adolescents between the ages of 14 to 17.
This scale measures perception of neighborhood and existing problems. This scale asks questions related to neighborhoods having abandoned houses, gang fights, and vandalism.
The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in one’s life are appraised as stressful. Items were designed to tap how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. The scale also includes a number of direct queries about current levels of experienced stress.
The PBI is a 25-item self-report measure using a 4 point likert response format, assessing the individual’s perception of his or her parents during the first 16 years of life. One form is completed for each parent. The PBI measures perceived maternal and paternal “care” and “overprotection.” Care involves a dimension from parental affection, warmth and empathy (high scores) to parental coldness, indifference and rejection (low scores).
This scale has been used to assess parental social support among adolescents (Aneshensel and Sucoff, 1996). Adolescents that come from families where social support is high may be less likely to engage in HIV risk behaviors as well as other externalizing behaviors. This scale been used with Latino and African American adolescents and has a reliability of .90 (Sneed et al., 1999).
The following ten-item scale can be used to assess the quality of communication between an adolescent and his/her parent/s concerning issues of sex (Miller et al., 1998). The respondent (adolescent) is asked each question for his/her mother and father separately unless the respondent is from a single parent family. This is one of several scales reported in Miller et al., 1998.
Used with children and adolescents, the UCLA PTSD index for DSM IV is a series of self and parent report instruments to screen both for exposure to traumatic events and for all DSM IV PTSD symptoms in school age children and adolescents who report traumatic stress experiences. The instrument measures traumatic bereavement.
High parental monitoring is associated with a decreased risk of an adolescent engaging in sexual behavior. The following 6-item scale can be used to assess an adolescent’s perception of parental monitoring (Li et al., 2000). The authors carried out their analyses with a cross sectional design including three separate samples. This scale was originally developed as an 8-item scale by Steven Small and Donell Kerns (Small and Kerns, 1993), and was adapted for the study of Li et al.
This scale measures parent involvement and supervision. This scale asks questions related to argument, conversations about school, and attending parties with supervision.
This scale measures norms for condom use. This scale asks questions related to talking about “safer” sex, caring about using condoms, and being asked about carrying condoms.
This scale can be used to assess for substance use problems among adolescents (Knight et al., 1999). This scale was validated on a sample of 14 – 18-year-old African Americans, Caucasians, and Latinos.
This survey captures various types of health care services people have received during the past three months. The care services are described as five different types of care that people may have received for each of three areas: physical health, emotional or mental health, and alcohol or drug problems.
This survey captures various types of health care services people have received during the past three months. The care services are described as five different types of care that people may have received for each of three areas: physical health, emotional or mental health, and alcohol or drug problems.
This summary of findings is to better understand the views of young people in the U.S. on HIV/AIDS at this critical juncture in the epidemic, the Kaiser Family Foundation contracted with the research firm GfK in the fall of 2012 to conduct a national survey of 1,437 teens and young adults ages 15 through 24.
The Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide, or SARA, is a 20-item paper-and-pencil checklist designed to screen for risk factors in individuals suspected of or being treated for spousal or family-related assault. Items include: past assault and threats of assault, past violation of conditional release, recent relationship problems, recent employment problems, recent substance abuse/dependence, recent suicidal or homicidal ideation/intent, personality disorder with anger and/or impulsivity, etc.
Alcohol use has an indirect effect on the risk for contracting HIV. Individuals under the influence of alcohol may be more likely to engage in HIV risk behaviors. The following instrument was developed to screen for alcohol abuse.
The AUDIT was developed by the World Health Organization to identify persons whose alcohol consumption has become hazardous or harmful to their health. AUDIT is a 10-item screening questionnaire with 3 questions on the amount and frequency of drinking, 3 questions on alcohol dependence, and 4 on problems caused by alcohol.
Alcohol and drug abuse have direct and indirect effects on the risk for contracting HIV. The sharing of needles during injection drug use is directly associated with the risk for contracting HIV. Indirectly, individuals may be more likely to engage in HIV risk behaviors while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. The following is a simple screening instrument for alcohol and other drug abuse (AOD) that was developed by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
ADS is a 25-item pencil and paper questionnaire, or computer self-administered or interview. ADS provides a quantitative measure of the severity of alcohol dependence symptoms. The 25 items cover alcohol withdrawal symptoms, impaired control over drinking, awareness of a compulsion to drink, increased tolerance to alcohol, and salience of drink-seeking behavior.
This 20-item instrument may be given in either a self-report or in a structured interview format; a “yes” or “no” response is requested from each of 20 questions. It is constructed similarly to the earlier Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), and the DAST items tend to parallel those of the MAST. The purpose of the DAST is 1) to provide a brief, simple, practical, but valid method for identifying individuals who are abusing psychoactive drugs; and 2) to yield a quantitative index score of the degree of problems related to drug use and misuse.
This 20-item instrument may be given in either a self-report or in a structured interview format; a “yes” or “no” response is requested from each of 20 questions. It is constructed similarly to the earlier Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), and the DAST items tend to parallel those of the MAST. The purpose of the DAST is 1) to provide a brief, simple, practical, but valid method for identifying individuals who are abusing psychoactive drugs; and 2) to yield a quantitative index score of the degree of problems related to drug use and misuse.
The AIDS-Risk Behavior Assessment (ARBA) is a structured interview designed specifically for use with adolescents to assess their self-reported sexual behavior, drug/alcohol use, and needle use associated with HIV-infection. It was derived from four well-established measures of sexual behavior and drug/alcohol use (Dowling et al., 1994; Institute of Behavioral Science, 1991) and assesses alcohol and drug use (e.g., lifetime use, method of use, frequency), needle use (e.g., sharing, tattooing, piercing), and sexual behavior (e.g., lifetime sexual intercourse).
A pool of 50 items was created by selecting the items of an adult autonomy questionnaire (Bekker, 1991). This questionnaire was selected because all 3 theoretical dimensions (functional, emotional and attitudinal autonomy) are represented in this item pool. However, the questionnaire is originally used for adults and many of the items are not relevant for adolescents. Subsequently, the wording of the items was adapted to make them suitable for adolescents (Noom, 1999).
An objective self-report instrument–the Clinical Anger Scale (CAS)–was designed to measure the psychological symptoms presumed to have relevance in the understanding and treatment of clinical anger. Twenty-one sets of statements were prepared for this purpose. In writing these groups of items, the format from one of Beck’s early instruments was used to design the Clinical Anger Scale (Beck et al., 1961; Beck, 1963, 1967).
The BSSS is an abbreviated and revised eight-item form of the Sensation Seeking Scale for Children (Russo et al., 1993), which includes 26 items. Participants indicate responses to all sensation seeking items using a five-point scale.
This scale has been used to assess beliefs regarding the prevention of AIDS among adolescents (Koopman et al., 1990). Five subscales have been identified through factor analysis (Koopman and Reid 1998): Perceived threat, self-control, self-efficacy, peer support for safe acts, and expectation to prevent pregnancy.
The manual contains instructions for administering the BPRS and rating the various symptoms, an interview for eliciting the symptoms of major mental disorders, and anchor points on 24 scales for rating the severity of symptoms. Twenty four distinct symptoms such as Delusions, Hallucinations, Thought Disorders, Blunted Affect, Emotional Withdrawal, Hostility, Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality are in the BPRS.
The World Health Organization (WHO) first developed the CIDI in 1990 (http://www3.who.int/cidi/). The CIDI (CIDI V2.1) was an expansion of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule developed by Lee Robins et. al with the support from the National Institute of Health (DIS; Robins, Helzer, Croughan and Ratcliff, 1981.The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative was created in 1998. Scientists from participating countries from around the world came together to create measurements for risk factors, consequences, treatment, etc.
The following scale was developed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (Radloff, 1977). This is a short, self-reporting scale intended for the general population. A Spanish version of the scale is also available.
The CTS is designed so that it can obtain data on all possible dyadic combinations of family members. Possible CTS combinations include husband-to-wife violence/conflict, wife-to-husband violence/conflict, parent-to-child violence/conflict and child-to-parent violence/conflict. Originally developed by Straus (1979), the CTS is a widely used (over 70,000 empirical studies have used it) and thoroughly evaluated (approximately 400 papers) measure of interpersonal aggression in married or cohabitating relationships.
The CHIP is a 45-item instrument designed to measure parents’ response to management of family life when they have a child who is seriously and/or chronically ill. Items for the CHIP were developed by use of items from previous research in family stress and from theory from several areas pertinent to families and health.
This scale was developed to assess coping strategies among individuals living with AIDS (Fleishman & Fogel, 1994). The items in this scale were chosen from items developed in other studies (Billings and Moos, 1981, Folkman et al., 1986, and Pearlin and Schooler, 1978).
The DERS is a 36-item multidimensional self-report measure assessing individuals’ characteristic patterns of emotion regulation. It contains six subscales that were theoretically formulated and confirmed through factor analysis. The six subscales are: Nonacceptance of emotional responses (NONACCEPTANCE), difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior (GOALS), impulse control difficulties (IMPULSE), lack of emotional awareness (AWARENESS), limited access to emotion regulation strategies (STRATEGIES), lack of emotional clarity (CLARITY).
This is an interview instrument for finding out about issues in adolescents’ lives. It was developed by Cohen and colleagues (Cohen et al., 1991). The interview asks questions within six areas including: Home situation, education and employment, activities, drugs use, sexuality, and suicide/depression.
The FAM-III is a self-report measure that assesses the strengths and weaknesses within a family. It can be completed by pre-adolescents, adolescents, and adult family members (ages 10 years to adult). The FAM-III consists of three types of forms: a 50-item General Scale that examines overall family health; a 42-item Dyadic Relationship Scale that examines how a family member views his or her relationship with other family members; and a 42-item Self-Rating Scale that allows each person to rate his or her own functioning within the family.
This scale measures family composition. This scale asks questions related to current living situation, highest level of education, and the amount of children in the family.
A 90-item inventory with 10 subscales that assess interpersonal relationships, personal development goals, and organizational structure. The Real Form (Form R) measures people’s perceptions of their actual family environments, the Ideal Form (Form I) rewords items to assess individuals’ perceptions of their ideal family environment, and the Expectations Form (Form E) instructs respondents to indicate what they expect a family environment will be like under, for example, anticipated family changes.
The following inventory can be used to assess grief associated with death of a loved one (Faschingbauer et al., 1987). Subscales include: past life disruption: Section 1, first 8 items; and present emotion of grief: Section 2, next 13 items.
This scale has been used to assess general self-efficacy (Schwarzer, 1992). This scale has been validated in 14 cultures in both adult and adolescent populations. For more information on studies conducted with this scale and 21 translations in different languages, please click here: http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/selfscal.htm
This survey assesses disruptive behavior in the last 6 months. This survey asks questions related to truancy in school, running away from home, and stolen from victims.
This scale has been used to assess general self-efficacy. The scale was originally developed by Sherer and colleagues (1982). The 12-item version of the scale reported here was modified from the original by Bosscher and Smit (1998). Three subscales are reported by Bosscher and Smit (1998) initiative, effort, and persistence.
Griffin and Bartholomew (1994a, 1994b) developed the 30-item RSQ to assess a variety of attachment styles that included Hazan and Shaver’s (1987) secure, anxious, and avoidant styles; Collins and Read’s (1990) dependency, anxiety, and closeness styles; Simpson, Rholes, and Nelligan’s (1992) avoidance and anxiety styles; and their own secure, fearful, preoccupied, and dismissing styles. Items of the RSQ refer to only partners/relationships in general.
The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was originally developed in 1978 by James F. Fries, MD, and colleagues at Stanford University. It was one of the first self-report functional status (disability) measures and has become the dominant instrument in many disease areas, including arthritis. It is widely used throughout the world and has become a mandated outcome measure for clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis and some other diseases.
The Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale (CUSES) can be used to assess an individual’s perception of his or her ability to use condoms. The scale contains 28 items (Brafford and Beck, 1991), but a later analysis to find subscales left 13 items unassigned (Brien et al., 1994).
The scale below can be used to assess self-efficacy for sexual discussion among adolescents (Lux & Petosa, 1994). This is a subscale of the Health Belief Model scale. The remaining scales found in Lux and Petosa (1994) can be used to assess constructs from the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory among adolescents. The sample consisted primarily of 452 African American and White incarcerated youth between the ages of 13 and 18.
The scale below can be used to assess perceived susceptibility of an HIV infection among adolescents (Lux & Petosa, 1994). This is a subscale of the Health Belief Model scale. The remaining scales found in Lux and Petosa (1994) can be used to assess constructs from the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory among adolescents. The sample consisted primarily of 452 African American and White incarcerated youth between the ages of 13 and 18.
This scale was developed as a basic screening measure for depression in older adults. To be completed by a trained clinician. This scale as questions related to feeling empty, getting bored, and being in good spirits most of the time. Developers: Brink et al., 1982; Yesavage et al., 1983 – SHORT version – Sheik et al., 1986.
The Family Interdependence Scale asses the cultural values that adolescents place on closeness, interdependence, and obligations within a family.
Bloom’s (1985) 75-item survey consisting of 15 scales reflecting family relationship, system maintenance, and personal growth dimensions. It has been used successfully to differentiate intact versus divorced families (Bloom, 1985). Scales measure family sociability; expressiveness; enmeshment; disengagement; conflict; cohesion; intellectual, recreation, and religious orientations; democratic, authoritarian, and laissez-faire decision-making styles; organization; external locus of control; and family idealization.
This survey assesses HIV testing. This survey asks questions related to being diagnosed with HIV, symptoms of HIV infection, and current t-cell count.
This survey assesses health care utilization, health care providers, and general health questions. This survey asks questions related to visits by a nurse or other health care provider at home, general assistance with household chores, and times clinician was called for medical consultation. Developers: Center for Community Health, Semel Institute-Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) of the University of California, Los Angeles.
This is a slightly modified version of the baseline assessment for the NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial (Fishbein & Coutinho, 1997). The baseline assessment includes information on socio-demographic characteristics, acculturation, health and mental health status, STD history and symptoms, alcohol and drug use, sexual behavior in the past 90 days, and exposure to unwanted/uninvited sexual activity.
This brief scale can be used to assess HIV risk among intravenous drug users (Darke et al., 1991). The HIV risk-taking behavior scale (HRBS) includes two subscales to measure injecting and sexual behavior. The scale was validated on a sample of 175 adults (18-42) from Australia (Alpha = .70)
The following risk assessment is being developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV-STD Behavioral Surveillance Working Group. The assessment includes baseline items and items to be asked at subsequent follow-up periods. These questions are part of a set of three Core Measures (Sexual Behavior, Drug-related HIV risk, HIV testing) developed by the CDC to standardize collection of data on HIV risk and preventive behaviors. This is version 4.00 of these questions.
A variety of multiple-item composites and single-item outcome measures based on the ARA have been used in studies that examine during-treatment and posttreatment changes in particular risk domains (see references listed below). Several factor analytic and configural scoring strategies have served as a basis for index construction models, yielding drug use and sex risk scales with coefficient alphas above .70.
The MOS Social Support Survey was developed for patients involved in a 2 year study investigating chronic conditions. The survey consists of four separate social support subscales: emotional/informational, tangible, affectionate, and positive social interaction.
The IPPA was developed in order to assess adolescents’ perceptions of the positive and negative affective/cognitive dimension of relationships with parents and close friends — particularly how well these figures serve as sources of psychological security. Three broad dimensions are assessed: degree of mutual trust, quality of communication, and extent of anger and alienation.
The following scale can be used to assess social support (Barrera et al., 1981). See Barrera et al., 1981, for information on development of subscales, and see Barrera et al., 1983, for identification of subscales through factor analyses. Barrera, M.J. & Ainlay, S. L. (1983). The structure of social support: A conceptual and empirical analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 133-143.
This scale measures self esteem, this scale asks questions related to how often do you feel inferior to most of the people you know, how often do you have the feeling that there is nothing you can do well, and how often do you feel worried or bothered about what other people think of you.
References:
Jannis, I. L., & Field, P. B. (1959). The Jannis and Field personality questionnaire. In C. I. Hovland & I. L. Jannis (Eds), Personality and persuasibility (pp. 300). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
This scale was developed by Richard Jessor and colleagues at the Institute of Behavioral Science at the University of Colorado, Boulder. The challenge of the Research Program on Health Behavior is to advance the understanding of psychosocial and behavioral determinants of healthy behavior and fitness. The Program is highly interdisciplinary with research associates representing psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, pediatrics, kinesiology and behavioral genetics.
The scale contains questions about alcohol and drug use and problems related to using alcohol and drugs. We are interested in your use of alcohol and drugs in your lifetime and also in the past three months.
The Life Satisfaction Index-version A (LSIA) is a 20-item questionnaire providing a cumulative score acknowledged as a valid index of quality of life. A Modification of the instrument, the LSI-Z, has 13 items. Dimensions measured include: Zest for life; resolution and fortitude; congruence between desired and achieved goals; high physical, psychological, and social self-concept; happy, optimistic mood tone.
This survey assesses living situations among youth and adolescents. This survey asks questions related to reasons for living away from parents, being placed in foster care, and being in a detention center for juveniles. Developers: Center for Community Health, Semel Institute-Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) of the University of California, Los Angeles.
This scale can be used to assess parental health locus of control regarding their children’s health. The scale was originally developed as the Children’s Health Locus of Control measure (Parcel et al., 1978), and modified by Tinsley and Holtgrave (1989) to become the Parental Health Locus of Control Scale. Pachter et al. (2000) developed and described subscales and tested the instrument in a U.S. Puerto Rican community.
The MAST is one of the most widely used measures for assessing alcohol abuse. The measure is a 25-item questionnaire designed to provide a rapid and effective screening for lifetime alcohol-related problems and alcoholism. The MAST has been productively used in a variety of settings with varied populations.
The FAD is based on the McMaster Model of Family Functioning (MMFF), a clinically oriented conceptualization of families. The model has evolved from previous work (Epstein, Sigal & Rakoff, 1962; Westley & Epstein, 1969). It describes structural and organizational properties of the family group and the patterns of transactions among family members which have been found to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy families.
The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire is designed to measure quality of life for people with life-threatening illness. While the scale was reported in 1995 (Cohen et al., 1995), the version here (16-item) is as the scale appears in Cohen et al., 1996.
The MMSE is a brief, quantitative measure of cognitive status in adults. It can be used to screen for cognitive impairment, to estimate the severity of cognitive impairment at a given point in time, to follow the course of cognitive changes in an individual over time, and to document an individual’s response to treatment.
The MOS Social Support Survey was developed for patients involved in a 2 year study investigating chronic conditions. The survey consists of four separate social support subscales: emotional/informational, tangible, affectionate, and positive social interaction.
This 17-item scale can be used to assess conduct problems based on the items that form the criteria for a DSM-III-R for conduct disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1987). See Rotheram-Borus et al. (1995) for a similar use of this scale. The scale is only an index of conduct problems and is not meant to be used as diagnostic instrument.
These questions have been labeled under multiple problem behaviors (i.e., sex trade) within the Center for Community Health (CCH). These questions have been used as covariates or predictors in analyses that investigate problem behaviors of adolescents at risk for HIV.
This scale measures perceptions of neighborhood. This survey asks questions related to current living situation and problems that sometimes occur in neighborhoods.
This survey can be used to assess domestic violence against pregnant women. This survey asks questions related to emotional and physical abuse towards a partner including being forced to have sexual activities. Leung, W.C., Leung, T.W., Lam, Y.Y.J., & Ho, P.C. (1999). The prevalence of domestic violence against pregnant women in a Chinese community. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 66, 23-30.
This survey assesses the parenting and child rearing attitudes of adult and adolescent-parent and pre-parent populations. Based on the known parenting and child rearing behaviors of abusive parents, responses to the inventory provide an index of risk for practicing behaviors known to be attributable to child abuse and neglect. Bavolek, S.J., Kline, D.F., and McLaughlin, J.A. 1979. Primary prevention of child abuse: Identification of high-risk adolescents. Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal 3(3): 1071-1080.
This survey assess substance use among adolescents. This survey asks questions related to the types of substances used and the frequency of substance usage. This survey is intended to be face to face. Developers: Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, Ph.D, and Margarita Lightfoot, Ph.D.
This survey assesses baseline knowledge on maternal health. This survey asks questions related to antenatal visits during pregnancy and having the means to get to the health facility when starting to give birth.
This scale consists of 18 items that measure 3 dimensions of attachment: (1) comfort with closeness and intimacy, (2) comfort with dependency, and (3) anxiety about rejection or abandonment. Collins , N.L., & Reed, S.J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 58, 544–663.
This scale assesses mental health using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score. This scale asks questions related to looking forward with enjoyment, being anxious or worried for no good reason, and being unhappy that its difficult sleeping.
The purpose of this measure is to tap into feelings of anger and burnout. This scale has been used in a coping effectiveness intervention at UCSF with gay men and has been shown to decrease in intervention participants compared to comparison condition participants. Central clinical states: An examination of the Profile of Mood States and the Eight State Questionnaire. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavior Assessment, 10 (3), 205-215.
The AUDIT was developed by the World Health Organization to identify persons whose alcohol consumption has become hazardous or harmful to their health. AUDIT is a 10-item screening questionnaire with 3 questions on the amount and frequency of drinking, 3 questions on alcohol dependence, and 4 on problems caused by alcohol.
This survey assesses knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women surrounding HIV/AIDS. This survey asks questions related to pregnant women having tested for HIV since the birth of their baby and current treatments for HIV/AIDS.
The following instrument can be used a brief screener for HIV risk (Gerbert et al., 1998). The screener was intended for use in primary health care settings, and is self-administered. Developers: Barbara Gerbert, Amy Bronstone, Stephen McPhee, Steven Pantila, and Michael Allerton.
This scale measure global HIV competence. This scale asks questions related to discussing your illness with adolescent child(ren), being isolated by others directly as a result of your illness, and having family show they care about your illness. Developers: Center for Community Health, Semel Institute-Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) of the University of California, Los Angeles.
The COPE Inventory was developed to assess a broad range of coping responses, several of which had an explicit basis in theory. The inventory includes some responses that are expected to be dysfunctional, as well as some that are expected to be functional. It also includes at least 2 pairs of polar-opposite tendencies.
This survey assesses detention and jail history. This survey asks questions related to ever being taken to the police station, being arrested for a crime, and taken a plea bargain. Developers: Center for Community Health, Semel Institute-Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) of the University of California, Los Angeles.
Developers: Center for Community Health, Semel Institute-Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) of the University of California, Los Angeles. Projects using this scale: STRIVE (Support To Reunite, Involve and Value Each Other) and TALC: LA.
This survey assesses employment and labor experience. This survey asks questions related to the number of hours worked per week, the length of time at current job, and the type of benefits offered by this job. Developers: Center for Community Health, Semel Institute-Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) of the University of California, Los Angeles.
The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a measure of current mental health and since its development by Goldberg in the 1970s it has been extensively used in different settings and different cultures [1-5]. The questionnaire was originally developed as a 60-item instrument but at present a range of shortened versions of the questionnaire including the GHQ-30, the GHQ-28, the GHQ-20, and the GHQ-12 is available.
This survey assesses the capacity to getting health services. This survey asks questions related to getting services for drug & alcohol use, family problems, and sexually transmitted diseases.
The following risk assessment is being developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV-STD Behavioral Surveillance Working Group. The assessment includes baseline items and items to be asked at subsequent follow-up periods. These questions are part of a set of three Core Measures (Sexual Behavior, Drug-related HIV risk, HIV testing) developed by the CDC to standardize collection of data on HIV risk and preventive behaviors.
This survey assess HIV related incidents. This survey asks questions related to being teased or made fun of by others, being avoided by others, and being insulted verbally.
This scale was developed within the Child and Family Center of the University of Oregon. The Center houses the instrument. There is no background information provided on the development of this scale. The specific authors are unknown. This information is currently being researched
Developers:
Child and Family Center, University of Oregon
Copyright:
University of Oregon Child and Family Center 195 West 12th Avenue Eugene, OR 97401
This survey assess life events and their importance. This survey asks questions related to moving into a new home, the death of a family member, and parents divorcing.
This survey assesses life goals and their importance. This survey asks questions related to developing a career, having a long-lasting marriage, and staying healthy.
This survey assesses life outcome expectancies, this survey asks questions related to finishing highschool/college, difficulty finding a good job, and having children.
This survey assesses nutrition and exercise. This survey asks questions related to eating well-balance meals everyday, the amount of times you eat at fast food restaurants each week, and how often do you exercise. Developers: Center for Community Health, Semel Institute-Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) of the University of California, Los Angeles.
This survey assesses networks, when responding to the questions think about the friends that you spent the most time with in the last seven days. Feel free to include your husband/partner or boyfriend, your relatives, or your children in this list if you consider them to be your friends.
Self-administered by parent or guardian with in-person assistance from Consultant at the pre-enrollment home visit. Self-administered by parent and/or patient with assistance from agency case manager in-person. Developers: Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center of Seattle.
FACES is a visual analog scale to assess pain in pediatric patients. Theoretically, the FACES scale could be used as three scales because it combines facial expression, numbers, and words. However, the reason numbers and words are used under the facial expressions is to simplify the scale’s use.
The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) is based upon research demonstrating that self-reported mood states can be effectively classified on these two dimensions (Watson, Clark and Tellegen 1988). Each PANAS scale comprises ten specific mood-related adjectives, rated on five-point scales, of frequency over a two-week period. Both PANAS scales have good reliability (Watson, Clark and Tellegen 1988), are correlated with other indicators of affect and are sensitive to changes over time.
This survey assesses performance in school, this survey asks questions related to having good enough grades to get into college, feelings about going to school, and learning things for later in life.
Developers:
Center for Community Health, Semel Institute-Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) of the University of California, Los Angeles
Population:
Adolescent
This scale has been used to assess proactive attitudes among German adults (Schmitz & Schwarzer, 1999). This construct is similar to psychological measures of optimism and has implications for coping among people living with HIV.Schmitz, G. S. & Schwarzer, R. (1999). Proaktive Einstellung von Lehrern: Konstruktbeschreibung und psychometrische Analysen [Teachers’ Proactive Attitude: Construct description and psychometric analyses]. Zeitschrift für Empirische Pädagogik, 13 (1), 3-27.
This scale measures quality of life for adolescents. This scale asks questions related to feeling restrained, being affectionate with ones mother, and being able to discuss problems with ones mother. Developers: Center for Community Health, Semel Institute-Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) of the University of California, Los Angeles.
The standard 4-item set of Healthy Days core questions (CDC HRQOL-4) has been in the State-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) since 1993 (see BRFSS Website http://www.cdc.gov/brfss). Since 2000, the CDC HRQOL-4 has been in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for persons aged 12 and older. Since 2003, the CDC HRQOL-4 has been in the Medicare Health Outcome Survey (HOS)—a NCQA HEDIS measure.
This survey assesses reasons for leaving home, this survey asks questions related to leaving home because of conflict with parent(s), physical abuse from parent(s), and personal mental health problems.
The following scale can be used to assess religious coping strategies (Boudreaux et al., 1995). The scale was validated on a sample that consisted primarily of Caucasians (80%, N=131) and a small percentage of African-Americans (9%, N=15). Boudreaux, E., Catz, S., Ryan, L., Amaral-Melendez, M., Brantley, P.J. (1995). The ways of religious coping scale: reliability, validity, and scale development. Assessment, 2, 233-244.
This measure was constructed on the theoretical foundation of Wilber (Wilber, 2000), Marion (2000) and Judith (2003). Different (e.g., higher) levels of spirituality have been known to trigger levels of the conscious that allow for deeper understanding, awareness, and focus (Marion, 2000; Helminski, 1992). This measure uses an integral approach (Wilber, 2000) to understand how people make meaning of experiences and wisdom traditions by assessing their spiritual beliefs and practices.
This survey assesses current stability in living situation, this survey asks questions related to where are you currently living, who do you live with, and how long have you lived there.
The following scale can be used to assess the level of romanticism within a relationship (Gaines et al., 1999). The scale was developed for and tested with a group of interracial couples.
Gaines, S.O, Jr., Rios, D.I., Granrose, C.S., Bledsoe, K.L., Farris, K.R., Youn, M.S.P., & Garcia, B.F. (1999). Romanticism and interpersonal resource exchange among African American-Anglo and other interracial couples. Journal of Black Psychology 25, 461-489.
This scale contains ten items that can be used to assess global self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965). A six item version of the scale is also available which has been shown to have good internal consistency with African American Adolescents (McCreary et al., 1996).
This survey assesses the experience of running away from home. This survey asks questions related to the amount of times one has ran away from home, the amount of nights one has stayed away from home, and the longest one has been away from home.
This self-administered depression screener was developed for RAND’s Partners in Care study. The screener included the items for assessing major depressive and dysthymic disorders from the 12-month Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and items assessing depression symptoms in the past month. The parent CIDI items were developed by Dr. Gavin Andrews with support from the National Institute of Mental Health and the World Health Organization.
The Janis and Field Feeling of Inadequacy Scale contains 9 subscales including Feelings of Inadequacy, Social Inhibitions, Argumentativeness and Suspiciousness. The Janis–Field Feelings of Inadequacy scale (FIS; Fleming & Courtney, 1984; Janis & Field, 1959) is a 26-item measure of self-esteem. Janis, I. L., & Field, P. B. (1959). Sex differences and factors related to persuasibility. In C. I. Hovland & I.L. Janis (Eds.), Personality and persuasibility. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
The scale below can be used to assess safer sex intentions among adolescents (Lux & Petosa, 1994). The remaining scales found in Lux and Petosa (1994) can be used to assess constructs from the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory among adolescents. The sample consisted primarily of 452 African American and White incarcerated youth between the ages of 13 and 18. This is a subscale of the Health Belief Model scale.
This scale has been used to assess self-efficacy for negotiating condom use among adolescents. The internal consistency of the scale was .69 with a sample of Latino and African American adolescents living with HIV. See references below for a description of the study. Rotheram-Borus, M.J., Murphy, D.A., Reid, H.M., & Coleman, C.L. (1996). Correlates of emotional distress among HIV+ youths: health status, stress, and personal resources. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 18, 16-23.
This scale has been used to assess self-efficacy for limiting HIV risk behavior among adolescents (Smith et al., 1996). The authors include information on the validation of a Spanish version of the scale. Smith, K.W., McGraw, S.A., Costa, L.A., McKinlay, J.B. (1996). A self-efficacy scale for HIV risk behaviors: Development and evaluation. AIDS Education and Prevention, 8, 97-105.
This scale has been used to assess self-efficacy for limiting substance use among adolescents. The internal consistency of the scale was .77 with a sample of Latino and African American adolescents living with HIV. Rotheram-Borus, M.J., Murphy, D.A., Coleman, C.L., Kennedy, M., Reid, H.M., Cline, T.R., Birnbaum, J.M., Futterman, D., Levin, L., Schneir, A., Chabon, B., O’Keefe, Z., & Kipke, M. (1997). Risk acts, health care, and medical adherence among HIV+ youths in care over time. AIDS and Behavior, 1, 43-52.
This scale can be used to assess refusal skills for sexual behavior. The scale was originally developed by Kasen and colleagues (Kasen et al., 1992).This scale has been validated on a sample of predominately Caucasian college students by Cecil and Pinkerton (1998). Cecil, H., and Pinkerton, S.D. (1998). Reliability and validity of a self-efficacy instrument for protective sexual behaviors. Journal of American College Health, 47, 113-121.
The following risk assessment is being developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV-STD Behavioral Surveillance Working Group. These questions are part of a set of three Core Measures (Sexual Behavior, Drug-related HIV risk, HIV testing) developed by the CDC to standardize collection of data on HIV risk and preventive behaviors. This is Version 5.00 of these questions. See http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/core_workgroup/sexbeh500.pdf for more information.
The following scale can be used to assess perceived susceptibility for contracting HIV among college students. See DeHart and Birkimer (1997) for the use of this scale among other constructs within a theoretical framework. DeHart, D.D. & Birkimer, J.C. (1997). Trying to practice safer sex: development of the sexual risks scale. The Journal of Sex Research, 34, 11-25.
The following scale can be used to assess attitudes toward condom use among college students. See DeHart and Birkimer (1997) for the use of this scale among other constructs within a theoretical framework. This is a subscale of the Sexual Risks Scale. DeHart, D.D. & Birkimer, J.C. (1997). Trying to practice safer sex: development of the sexual risks scale. The Journal of Sex Research, 34, 11-25.
This scale can be used to assess cognitive thought processes associated with condom use (Shah et al., 1997). This scale was used with a sample of 353 adults in London of which 83.6% were male. Shah, D., Thornton, S., & Burgess, P. 1997. Sexual risk cognitions questionnaire: a reliability and validity study. AIDS Care, 9, 471-480.
The following scale can be used to assess behavioral expectations to resist unsafe sex among college students. See DeHart and Birkimer (1997) for the use of this scale among other constructs within a theoretical framework. This is a subscale of the Sexual Risks Scale. DeHart, D.D. & Birkimer, J.C. (1997). Trying to practice safer sex: development of the sexual risks scale. The Journal of Sex Research, 34, 11-25.
The following scale can be used to assess norms for condom use among college students. See DeHart and Birkimer (1997) for the use of this scale among other constructs within a theoretical framework. This is a subscale of the Sexual Risks Scale. DeHart, D.D. & Birkimer, J.C. (1997). Trying to practice safer sex: development of the sexual risks scale. The Journal of Sex Research, 34, 11-25.
Scoring instructions for the Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire (MSSCQ). The Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire (MSSCQ; Snell, 1995) is an objective self-report instrument designed to measure the following 20 psychological aspects of human sexuality.
The SF-36 is a multi-purpose, short-form health survey with only 36 questions. It is a generic measure, as opposed to one that targets a specific age, disease, or treatment group. Accordingly, the SF-36 has proven useful in surveys of general and specific populations, comparing the relative burden of diseases, and in differentiating the health benefits produced by a wide range of different treatments.
The following scale can be used to assess social support among adolescents (Seidman et al., 1995). A 21-item social support measure can be derived from the instructions below. This type of scale was originally developed by Cauce and colleagues (Cauce et al., 1982). Cauce, A., Felner, R.D., and Primavera, J. (1982) Social support in high-risk adolescents: Structural components and adaptive impact. American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 417-428.
The Social Support Microsystem Scale (SOC) was developed by modifying and elaborating Cauce’s Seminal Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS; Cauce te. al., 1982). The SOC was developed and and validated for poor, urban and culturally diverse adolescents to assess their self-reported transactions with family, peer, school, and neighborhood microsystems in order to assess social support or cohesion.
The following instrument is based on the premise that good and bad events in one’s life can increase stress levels and make one more susceptible to illness and mental health problems (Holmes & Rahe, 1967). Holmes, T.H. & Rahe, R.H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218.
This survey assesses self harm and attempts to commit suicide. This survey asks questions related to deliberately hurting oneself, the amount of suicide attempts, and treatments from these attempts.
The STAI is a validated 20 item self report assessment device which includes separate measures of state and trait anxiety. The STAI has been adapted in more than 30 languages for cross-cultural research and clinical practice (Sesti, 2000). Various reliability and validity tests have been conducted on the STAI and have provided sufficient evidence that the STAI is an appropriate and adequate measure for studying anxiety in research and clinical settings (Sesti, 2000).
A family-based program was designed to help African American women promote healthy and safer sex behavior for their young adolescent children. This program was based in West Philadelphia for African American women, age 55 or under, who have low incomes and a high school education. They were responsible for caring for a child between the ages of 11-13.
The T-ACE is a four-item questionnaire usable in assessing pregnant women for risk drinking in a clinical practice setting. The T-ACE was developed in 1989 using data from pregnant American women.This is a screening device to identify pregnant women at risk for drinking amounts which may be dangerous to the fetus. Positive results indicate exploration of women’s drinking. Sokol, R.J.; Martier, S.S.; and Ager, J.W. The T-ACE Questions: Practical prenatal detection of risk drinking. Am J Obstet Gyn 60:863-870, 1989.
The URICA consists of 32 items assessing various attitudes and behaviors that correspond to the four stages of change (i.e., precontemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance). There are eight Likert-type items per stage, each ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater endorsement of particular attitudes or behaviors. DiClemente, C. C., & Hughes, S. O. (1990). Stages of change profiles in outpatient alcoholism treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse, 2, 217–235.
The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) project was initiated in 1991. WHOQOL-BREF was developed from the WHOQOL-100 at the same time as the WHOQOL-100. The WHOQOL BREF consists of 26 items, which measure the following broad domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environments. This version has been translated into approximately 19 different languages.
Social competence and behavior problems in children: Aggressive Behavior; Anxious/Depressed; Attention Problems; Rule-Breaking Behavior; Social Problems; Somatic Complaints; Thought Problems; and Withdrawn/Depressed. The Young Adult Behavior Checklist (YABCL) is an upward extension of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18). The YABCL can be completed by parents and others who know the young adult well.
Dealing With Illness scale was designed to assess cognitive and behavioral responses made in efforts to cope with illness and was based on Billings and Moos’ (1981) description of three methods of coping. Items selected for the scale were from Amerikan’s (1985) Dealing With Illness coping instrument and the Moos, Cronkite, Billings, and Finney (1984) Healthand Daily Living Form.
This survey assesses being exposed to or have experienced violence. This survey asks questions related to being physically attacked, sexually assaulted, and fighting.
The FACIT Measurement System is a collection of QOL questionnaires targeted to the management of chronic illness. “FACIT” (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy) was adopted as the formal name of the measurement system in 1997 to portray the expansion of the more familiar “FACT” (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy) series of questionnaires into other chronic illnesses and conditions.
This survey assesses the experience of coming out and sexual identity. This survey asks questions related to sexual attractions, being ridiculed, and being outed in a social setting.
This survey assesses the confidence and/or certainty to cope with problems. This survey asks questions related to the self-efficacy of seeking emotional support from friends and family and the self-efficacy to positively encourage yourself when you are feeling discouraged.
This survey assesses what some people do to help them to deal with their mother’s illness. For example, some people react emotionally like crying and getting upset all the time, while others deal with their mother’s illness differently, like getting high or drunk often.
This survey assesses financial, labor, and educational experiences. This survey asks questions related to financial situations of current households and the ability to pay for healthcare coverage, medications, and prescriptions.
This survey has 28 items that were reorganized into four categories of AIDS knowledge: AIDS definition/symptoms (five items), true transmission modes (five items), false transmission modes (ten items), clinical outcomes (three items) and treatment/prevention (five items). References: DiClemente, R.J., Zorn, J., & Temoshok, L. (1986). Adolescents and AIDS: A survey of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about AIDS in San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health, 76, 1443-1445.
This scale has been used to assess coping strategies among adolescents, and was initially developed and tested with a sample of Midwestern junior and senior high school students (Patterson and McCubbin, 1987). Patterson, J.M., McCubbin, H.I. (1987). Adolescent Coping Style and Behaviors – Conceptualization and Measurement. Journal of Adolescence, 10 (2): 163-186.
This scale was generated by a team of researchers from the Cultural Dynamics and Outreach Core of the research center. The AHIMSA scale generates four scores based on the four orientations: Assimilation (the total number of “United States” responses), Separation (the total number of “The country my family is from” responses), Integration (the total number of “Both” responses), and Marginalization (the total number of “Neither” responses).
This scale measures attitudes toward abstinence among adolescents. This survey asks questions related to the importance of having sexual intercourse before getting married and expectations of teenage dating relationships.