Interventions, Training Manuals, etc. : 

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Homelessness is a significant problem plaguing American cities and homeless substance abusers face increased risks. Homeless, gay and bisexual male abusers suffer approximately 80% seroprevalence and often engage in exchange sex and resist treatment for substance abuse. Contingency management interventions, which provide positive incentives for behavior change, may be particularly well suited for this disenfranchised, high-risk cohort. Specifically, voucher-based incentive therapies may be effective since they have established potency for increasing prosocial behaviors that successfully compete with taking drugs and for reducing drug use.

A randomized, controlled trial assigns 131 non-treatment seeking gay, bisexual or MSM substance users to either voucher-based incentive therapy or control groups for 24 weeks, with follow-up evaluations at 7, 9 and 12 months post randomization. The voucher-based group earns vouchers in exchange for completing prosocial and healthy behaviors, and/or submitting drug-negative urine and alcohol-negative breath samples, and/or attendance in a standard HIV prevention program, OAPP-funded The G.U.Y.S. Program. The control group receives feedback regarding behaviors performed and urinalysis and breathe alcohol tests, but does not receive voucher points for these behaviors, but does receive vouchers for attendance in a standard HIV prevention program, The G.U.Y.S. Program. Vouchers are redeemable for goods located in an onsite voucher store or purchased for the participant.

The study will assess the efficacy of the voucher-based intervention for increasing prosocial and healthy behavior and reducing substance abuse among these non-treatment seeking gay, bisexual and MSM substance users receiving standard HIV prevention services. The study will also assess the impact of the voucher-based incentive therapy on other measures of therapeutic change consistent with a harm reduction approach, including reduction of psychiatric symptoms, decreased injection drug use and high-risk sexual behavior, increased participation in The G.U.Y.S. Program, and improvement in different domains of overall functioning (medical/social/vocational).  Additionally, the study will examine whether baseline participant characteristics predict voucher-based outcomes.

Applying voucher-based incentive therapy to non-treatment seeking gay, bisexual and MSM substance users as well as integrating the intervention into a county-funded HIV prevention program with a harm reduction philosophy are both highly innovative. The VIPS study has the potential to have a significant impact on the public health of the Los Angeles homeless, gay and bisexual substance-using community. If voucher-based incentive therapy is efficacious for motivating non-treatment seeking gay, bisexual and MSM substance users in a community-based HIV prevention program to increase prosocial and healthy behaviors and decrease drug/alcohol use, established prevention programs may modify their approaches to include contingency management, and use it to address the staggering public health problems non-treatment seeking homeless substance users face on a daily basis.